Functional assessment of an elderly man at home Essay Example for Free

Practical appraisal of an older man at home Essay As per NHS (2011), older individuals who have achieved the age of 65 years or more as a rule spend a normal of 10 hours or more every day sitting or resting, making them the most inactive gathering of individuals. Because of this evident dormancy among the older, they are progressively inclined to unplanned falls, weight, cardiovascular mishaps, heart conditions and abrupt demise than everybody. In this meeting, information was assembled from an older man in his mid 80s through utilization of a semi-organized meeting plan that comprised of open-finished inquiries addressing the instrumental exercises of every day living (IADL) and exercises of day by day living (ADL). The meeting plan gave a chance to the questioner and interviewee to handle the inquiries in detail through fitting testing. Prior to beginning of the meeting, an educated assent was gotten from the respondent where his namelessness and the privacy of the data looked for from him were guaranteed. The interviewee was approached to sign an assent structure on the off chance that he consented to partake in the meeting. The Rationale To learn that an individual can freely live at home or network, the assurance of the day by day essential exercises performed by the individual is important. These exercises are alluded to as Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). As per PayingForSeniorCare (2007), ADLs just fill in as a measuring stick of freedom of people, regardless of whether they play out these essential exercises all alone or get help. Then again, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) are the activities which are significant yet not an every day necessity for one to live freely. They generally used to figure out what level of help is to be concurred to the old or incapacitated individuals in the public eye. In the meeting nschedule, three (3) ADLs and Three (3) IADLs were incorporated. The ADLs included: Bed portability, Toileting, and Eating. The IADLs were: Responsibility for own prescription, Housekeeping, and Ability to utilize phone. These exercises and activities were remembered for the meeting since they will in the exceptionally least point to the useful capacity of the respondent given his propelled age. ADLs and IADLs are done on the grounds that ‘ Measuring an individual’s capacity to play out the ADLs and IADLs is significant not simply in deciding the degree of help required yet as a measurement for an assortment of administrations and projects identified with thinking about the older and for those with inabilities (PayingForSeniorCare (2007, p. 1). Moral contemplations As per Fouka and Mantzorou (2011, p. 3), research morals include prerequisites on every day work, the insurance of poise of subjects and the distribution of the data in the exploration. Examination morals are a lot of rules that direct scientists and exploration associations on the best way to act when managing research members, different specialists and partners, the clients of their exploration and society as a rule. Among the moral issues mulled over in research include: 1. Educated assent Educated assent is a significant moral issue in doing investigate. As indicated by Armiger (1997), the member should purposely, willfully and brilliantly, and in an unmistakable and show way, give his/her assent. Educated agree gives self-governance to the respondent subsequently they are secured through self-assurance. Through educated assent, the participant’s honesty, individual freedoms and veracity are shielded from infringement by analysts. Educated assent empowers people partake in research deliberately after they have been given data on the possible dangers and advantages of the exploration. Free and educated assent should fuse a prologue to the investigation, its motivation, a clarification of the determination of the subjects and the systems that will be followed. It is fundamental to portray any physical mischief or uneasiness, any intrusion of protection and any danger to respect just as how the subjects will be repaid all things considered. 2. Value don't hurt This standard guarantees that scientists practice an expert order to complete huge and compelling exploration to serve and advance the government assistance of the populace. An analyst must consider every single imaginable result of the examination and offset the dangers with proportionate advantage. The sort, degree, and number of potential dangers must be surveyed and the hazard advantage proportion must be accomplished by recognizing these components. On the off chance that the dangers exceed the advantages, the examination ought to be reconsidered. It is significant that questioning of the members is done toward the finish of the examination. Questioning alludes to clarifying the specific point of the examination and why certain exposures were not done. As indicated by Burns and Grove (2005) ‘if the subjects encountered an elevated level of distress, they ought to be questioned or alluded to suitable expert mediation as necessary’. 3. Regard of namelessness and classification Privacy and obscurity are firmly connected with the privileges of usefulness. The assurance of obscurity is accomplished when the scientist doesn't interface a members individual reactions and his/her personality. The administration of private data of the respondents must be guaranteed by the analyst so as to secure the participant’s character. Privacy implies that people can give as well as retain as much data as they wish to the individual they pick. 4. Regard of protection Protection is the opportunity practiced by a person in deciding the time, degree, and general conditions under which private data will be imparted to or retained from others. Along these lines, private data will not be imparted to others without the information on the member. As indicated by Treece and Treece (1982), a specialist must regard a choice by a respondent who considers announcing individual data an infringement of protection. Fauka and Mantzorou (2011, p. 7) express that ‘this may even apply to report old enough, pay, conjugal status, and different subtleties that the subject may respect private. They likewise infer that security can be attacked when scientists study certain gatherings without their insight and without recognizing themselves. 5. Worries of helpless gathering of individuals Helpless gathering of individuals are the people who can't ensure their own privileges and government assistance. Supposition is as yet partitioned with regards to whether they ought to be remembered for research examines or not because of their failure to give educated assent. They incorporate detainees, intellectually sick individuals, the matured and youngsters among others. They need further insurance for they are powerless against being tricked, undermined or compelled to partake in research examines they have no clue about. As indicated by Burns and Grove (2005), the defenselessness of these people expands the requirement for legitimization for the utilization of such subjects in research considers. 6. Trustworthiness, objectivity, respectability, legitimateness and ability It is imperative to keep up trustworthiness in research endeavors. Genuinely report information, results, techniques and strategies, and distribution status. Maintain a strategic distance from any creation, adulteration, or distortion of information. Try not to bamboozle associates, giving offices, or general society. To look after objectivity, the scientist must keep away from inclination in study structures, information examination, information translation, peer survey, staff choices, award composing, master declaration, and different parts of exploration where objectivity is normal or required. Stay away from or limit inclination or self-trickiness. Reveal individual or money related premiums that may influence research. Trustworthiness ought to be guaranteed through keeping of guarantees and understandings. The specialist must act with truthfulness, and keep up consistency of thought and activity. Each scientist must guarantee and improve his/her own proficient fitness and aptitude through deep rooted training and learning and steps must be taken towards the advancement of capability in science in general. Exploration considers are guided by the significant principles and guidelines that must be clung to consistently, regardless of whether institutional or legislative. Examination morals assume significant jobs in research concentrates as they; 1. Achieve regard for and cause no damage to the members 2. They are an expert prerequisite in research considers 3. They are a prerequisite in getting financing for research undertaking 4. They guarantee that exploration examines are led inside the moral rules gave by the Ethics Committee 5. Guarantees that the examination discoveries are adequate to the exploration network and the open Interviewee current IADL/ADL rehearses As indicated by Quinn et al. (2011), old people generally present with intense and interminable issues that unfavorably influence work, frequently characterized by practical decrease and loss of freedom. This may in the long run lead to institutional consideration for such people. The diminished capacity might be a pointer to mysterious pathologies which lead to expanded mortalities (Schumacher, 2005). From the meeting, it was discovered that the respondent had restricted limit in completing day by day exercises. For example, in deciding the ADLs, in bed versatility, he required other than two people physical help, had a restricted physical help with toileting and constrained help when eating. His activities also were constrained as he scored modest in IADLs. For example, in obligation regarding own prescription, he possibly takes medicine when it is set up ahead of time and in right measurements, he picks up the phone just and can't dial without anyone else, lastly he doesn't take an interest in any type of housekeeping. The respondents ascribed this to poor memory, quick bombing vision, tribulation by joint inflammation and propelled age. End Old people are burdened by numerous diseases that lead to poor

What Is the Cauchy Distribution

What Is the Cauchy Distribution One conveyance of an arbitrary variable is significant not for its applications, yet for what it informs us regarding our definitions. The Cauchy appropriation is one such model, once in a while alluded to as a neurotic model. The explanation behind this is despite the fact that this circulation is very much characterized and has an association with a physical wonder, the conveyance doesn't have a mean or a change. In reality, this irregular variable doesn't have a second producing capacity. Meaning of the Cauchy Distribution We characterize the Cauchy conveyance by thinking about a spinner, for example, the sort in a prepackaged game. The focal point of this spinner will be secured on the y hub at the point (0, 1). In the wake of turning the spinner, we will expand the line portion of the spinner until it crosses the x pivot. This will be characterized as our irregular variable X. We let w mean the littler of the two edges that the spinner makes with the y hub. We expect that this spinner is similarly prone to shape any point as another, thus W has a uniform circulation that ranges from - Ï€/2 to Ï€/2. Essential trigonometry furnishes us with an association between our two irregular factors: X tanW. The aggregate dispersion capacity of X is determined as follows: H(x) P(X x) P(tan W x) P(W arctanX) We at that point utilize the way that W is uniform, and this gives us: H(x) 0.5 (arctan x)/Ï€ To acquire the likelihood thickness work we separate the total thickness work. The outcome is h(x) 1/[ï€ (1 x2) ] Highlights of the Cauchy Distribution Makes the Cauchy circulation fascinating that despite the fact that we have characterized it utilizing the physical arrangement of an irregular spinner, an arbitrary variable with a Cauchy dispersion doesn't have a mean, fluctuation or second creating capacity. The entirety of the minutes about the starting point that are utilized to characterize these parameters don't exist. We start by thinking about the mean. The mean is characterized as the normal estimation of our irregular variable thus E[X] ∠«-∞∞x/[ï€ (1 x2) ] dx. We incorporate by utilizing replacement. On the off chance that we set u 1 x2, at that point we see that du 2x dx. Subsequent to making the replacement, the subsequent ill-advised indispensable doesn't join. This implies the normal worth doesn't exist, and that the mean is vague. Correspondingly the difference and second producing capacity are indistinct. Naming of the Cauchy Distribution The Cauchy dissemination is named for the French mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789 †1857). In spite of this dissemination being named for Cauchy, data in regards to the appropriation was first distributed by Poisson.

Celebrating the 5-year anniversary of Columbia Startup Lab COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Celebrating the 5-year anniversary of Columbia Startup Lab COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are interested in social entrepreneurship, you will find plenty of resources to research in this post. Last month the SIPA community helped celebrate the five-year anniversary of the Columbia Startup Lab. A co-working space located in New Yorks Soho neighborhood, the Lab has more than 40 startups from all over Columbia campus and is the result of a partnership between multiple Columbia schools including SIPA. To celebrate this space that provides Columbia alumni entrepreneurs to work full-time on their ventures, SIPA Dean Merit Janow, Professor Sarah Holloway, and several SIPA alum were in attendance. Pictured above is  Professor Sarah Holloway, who  teaches Social Entrepreneurship and  Nonprofit Financial Management at SIPA and runs the Management Specialization â€" a set of courses and activities that support knowledge and skill building in non-profit, for-profit and social enterprise management. (She also holds an MPA from SIPA!) Manal Kahi  MPA 15 is pictured next to Professor Holloway. She is a Startup Lab alum with  Eat Offbeat, a startup that delivers authentic ethnic meals prepared and delivered by refugees resettled in NYC. To find out more about Manal and Eat Offbeat, you can check out her interview on the Sincerely, Hueman podcast. (Incidentally, the podcast was created and is hosted by Camille Laurente MIA 16.) Pictured below is Shanna Crumley MIA 18 (shes been profiled on our blog before here), who co-founded  Bitae Technologies with Gemma Torras Vives MPA 18. They combined data protection, strategic management and refugee policy to create blockchain-based credentials for refugees and migrants. Congratulations to Columbia Startup Labs and everyone involved! You can keep up with more news like this on SIPAs LinkedIn. For those of you interested in social entrepreneurship, I hope this is a good starting point for you to figure out what resources are available to you and what other connections you can make through Columbia to support your venture.

Celebrating the 5-year anniversary of Columbia Startup Lab COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Celebrating the 5-year anniversary of Columbia Startup Lab COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are interested in social entrepreneurship, you will find plenty of resources to research in this post. Last month the SIPA community helped celebrate the five-year anniversary of the Columbia Startup Lab. A co-working space located in New Yorks Soho neighborhood, the Lab has more than 40 startups from all over Columbia campus and is the result of a partnership between multiple Columbia schools including SIPA. To celebrate this space that provides Columbia alumni entrepreneurs to work full-time on their ventures, SIPA Dean Merit Janow, Professor Sarah Holloway, and several SIPA alum were in attendance. Pictured above is  Professor Sarah Holloway, who  teaches Social Entrepreneurship and  Nonprofit Financial Management at SIPA and runs the Management Specialization â€" a set of courses and activities that support knowledge and skill building in non-profit, for-profit and social enterprise management. (She also holds an MPA from SIPA!) Manal Kahi  MPA 15 is pictured next to Professor Holloway. She is a Startup Lab alum with  Eat Offbeat, a startup that delivers authentic ethnic meals prepared and delivered by refugees resettled in NYC. To find out more about Manal and Eat Offbeat, you can check out her interview on the Sincerely, Hueman podcast. (Incidentally, the podcast was created and is hosted by Camille Laurente MIA 16.) Pictured below is Shanna Crumley MIA 18 (shes been profiled on our blog before here), who co-founded  Bitae Technologies with Gemma Torras Vives MPA 18. They combined data protection, strategic management and refugee policy to create blockchain-based credentials for refugees and migrants. Congratulations to Columbia Startup Labs and everyone involved! You can keep up with more news like this on SIPAs LinkedIn. For those of you interested in social entrepreneurship, I hope this is a good starting point for you to figure out what resources are available to you and what other connections you can make through Columbia to support your venture.

What You Need to Do to Get into Law School

The Film Philadelphia, By Andrew Beckett - 833 Words

The film Philadelphia involves a homosexual man, named Andrew Beckett, who suffers from the chronic disease known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). During the 1980s, AIDS became known as the â€Å" gay† disease. It was titled â€Å"gay† disease because a high incidence of AIDS was detected within the gay community especially among homosexual males. AIDS can cause many side effects such as skin lesions, coughing, sweating, diarrhea, and pneumonia. AIDS weakens the immune system and the body loses its ability to fight against infections. Those suffering with AIDS encounter many challenges such as discrimination in the workplace and social isolation. The film Philadelphia sheds light on these civil exclusions and acknowledges the†¦show more content†¦Among those whose status was known, discrimination was reported to be highest among friends (23.2%) and at the workplace (20.2%). Andy was socially isolated from attending office events or social gatherings. His team justified their actions by blaming Andy for having a bad attitude. They stated this made it difficult for them to form a relationship with him. However, prior to the AIDS revelation, Andy was greeted by all and routinely congratulated for his great work on court cases. Andy even accompanied his male colleagues at country clubs for spa sessions. Andy was viewed as a liability because the firm felt they would lose clients if Andy’s sexuality became public. Statistics confirm how likely social injustices occur within the workforce after one’s revelation of AIDS. The article, Social Impact of HIV/AIDS states, â€Å"Attitudes such as hostility (14.5%), withdrawal (11.7%) and neglect (6.8%) were reported†¦.† ( Johnson 47-53).† Andy faced discrimination not only in his work life, but personal life as well. After discovering his illness, Andy began to research AIDS at a local library. When inquiring about a book on AIDS, the librarian realized that Andy may be inflicted with the disease given his symptoms--noticeable lesions, coughing, and nose blowing. The librarian indicated to Andy that â€Å"We have a private research room available† (Nyswaner 47). In other words, the librarian asked Andy to move on behalf ofShow MoreRelatedThe Film Philadelphia- Prejudice on an Innnocent Man Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages Philadelphia- Prejudice on an innocent man Until this day, many members of the LGBTQ community are still fighting for their rights and to be accepted for who they are. This community has to challenge political set beliefs such as same-sex marriage to change the societal norm because of who they choose to love and to find their identity. Jonathon Demme’s Film Philadelphia embodies the G and Q in LGBTQ. The protagonist, Andrew Beckett, is fighting an ongoing battle with AIDS but has continued to excelRead MorePhiladelphia Movie Summary Essays2061 Words   |  9 PagesPhiladelphia - Summary Main characters:  · Andrew Beckett: A handsome, self-assured hotshot law graduate from Penn is on a fast track to partnership at his lawfirm. But hes hiding a dark secret from his self-satisfied employers: hes HIV-positive. When he gets fired while battling AIDS he decides to bring suit. He is warmhearted and cares much for his family who - especially his lover Miguel and his mother Sarah - are extraordinarily supportive during the case.  · Joe Miller: At first hes reluctantRead MoreEssay about AIDS and Philadelphia (1993)1126 Words   |  5 Pagescultural and social response to AIDS portrayed in the film Philadelphia (1993) covered all of these aspects and was extremely significant to the society and culture within the United States during the film’s release. It was one of the first American drama films and mainstream Hollywood films to acknowledge HIV/AIDS, homosexuality, and homophobia. Philadelphia provided us with one of the first popular and realistic depictions of AIDS within the medium of film. It as a series of setbacks and reprieves, howRead MoreCrisis Intervention and Counseling: A Case Study1006 Words   |  4 Pagesevent(s). (10 pts.) Andrew Beckett is homosexual, and lives with another man. His lifestyle has caused Beckett to contract AIDS, and the illness is becoming a serious issue for him. Moreover, Beckett has failed to be truthful about his lifestyle. He has been lying to his associates at the law firm in which he works. 2. Identify the type of crisis (Situational, Developmental, Existential). (10 pts.) Although there are situational and developmental variables at stake, ultimately, Beckett is dealing withRead MoreConflicting Perspectives Julius Caesar2413 Words   |  10 Pagesadvantage their own point of view opposed to the viewpoints of others. Conflicting perspectives are caused by bias, or prejudice, and self-interest from a person, event or situation that is encountered. William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and Philadelphia (1993), written by Ron Nyswaner and directed by Jonathan Demme, are both prime examples of when bias and self-interest lead to conflicting perspectives in society. More than anything else, conflicting perspectives are the immediate result of biasRead MoreThe City Of Brotherly Love996 Words   |  4 PagesPhiladelphia, the â€Å"City of Brotherly Love†, becomes the setting for a high-profile discrimination case in the movie Philadelphia. A successful lawyer named Andrew â€Å"Andy† Beckett (played by Tom Hanks) is fired from his presti gious law firm, because while being given the documents for his next big case, a senior partner at the law firm notices lesions that are a tell-tale sign of the AID’s virus on his face. It becomes up to Andy to defend his title as a successful lawyer against untrue accusationsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of The Aids Epidemic2044 Words   |  9 Pagesfollowing documentary and films expressed awareness to the public, they are: Documentaries: †¢ Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt †¢ The Age of AIDS †¢ On the Downlow †¢ Reporter Zero †¢ End Game: AIDS in Black America †¢ Silver Lake Life: The View from Here †¢ Hope is the Thing with Feathers Feature Films: †¢ Philadelphia †¢ Jeffrey †¢ And the Band Played On Over the course of the semester, the films have been analyzed ethically rating their values on society. The above listed films were separated into threeRead MoreMovie Review : The Movie, Philadelphia And A Dumb Man Who Experienced Many Important Events Throughout History1700 Words   |  7 PagesHanks once said, â€Å"Sometimes a man just wants the impossible.† In his lifetime, most would agree that Hanks achieved the impossible through his acting career; he personalized many influential movie parts from a gay lawyer with AIDS in the movie Philadelphia to a dumb man who experienced many important events throughout history in Forrest Gump. This shift in the acting world happened on July 9, 1956 when a star was born. Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California; his parents names are JanetRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1854 Words   |  8 PagesIn the early 1990’s, around the time during which the movie Philadelphia came out, HIV/AIDS was thought to occur only thro ugh MSM (men who have sex with men) and was commonly referred to as â€Å"the gay disease.† Nowadays, it is no longer seen that way. HIV/AIDS is â€Å"now recognized as the most serious disease pandemic of our time† (Baur et al., 2011). With that being said, there are several prevention techniques that may reduce the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. It is important to be aware of the six bodily

Transformational Leadership - 2467 Words

Table of Contents Abstract....................................................................................................................................02 History......................................................................................................................................02 Introduction .............................................................................................................................02 Why Transformational Leadership Is Important?....................................................................03 Individual Growth and Development...........................................................................03 Increases†¦show more content†¦These types of leaders provide others with a sense of purpose that goes beyond a simple exchange of rewards for effort provided. According to Burns, transforming leadership is a process in which leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and motivation. Burns related to the difficulty in differentiation between management and leadership and claimed that the differences are in characteristics and behaviours. He established two concepts: transforming leadership and transactional leadership. According to Burns, the transforming approach creates significant change in the life of people and organizations. It redesigns perceptions and values, and changes expectations and aspirations of employees. Unlike in the transactional approach, it is not based on a give and take relationship, but on the leader s personality, traits and ability to make a change through example, articulation of an energizing vision and challenging goals. Transforming leaders are idealized in the sense that they are a moral exemplar of working towards the benefit of the team, organization and/or community. Burns theorized that transforming and transactional leadership were mutually exclusive styles. Bass introduced the term transformational in place of transforming. 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Avolio and YammarinoRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Transformational Leaders1745 Wor ds   |  7 PagesEffective leadership requires skills to adapt to the demands of fresh situations. Leadership flexibility offers opportunities to hone unique approaches, as circumstances demand. Leaders can hang onto core styles while embracing principles found in harmonizing theories. Theories of particular interest are transformational leadership and servant leadership, among others. These approaches are synergistic rather than mutually exclusive. Moreover, they overlap with other beneficial leadership conceptsRead MoreTransformational And Transactional Leadership : Transformational Leadership1613 Words   |  7 Pages Transformational and transactional leadership are two forms of leaders that vary in traits and effectiveness within the business environment. 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Transformational leadership is generally definedRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1503 Words   |  7 PagesTransformational Nursing Leadership INTRODUCTION Leadership is a process. The leader uses influence to inspire others toward a common goal. There are different types of leadership such as autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. One leadership theory is transformational leadership. A transformational leader is defined as â€Å"a leader who is committed to a vision that empowers others† (Kelly, 2012). A transactional leader is focused on day to

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay Example For Students

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness is about a seaman named Charlie Marlow and an experience he had as a younger man. Early in the novel it becomes apparent that there is a great deal of tension in Marlows mind about whether he should profit from the immoral actions of the company he works for which is involved in the ivory trade in Africa. Marlow believes that the company is ignorant of the tension between moral enlightenment and capitalism. The dehumanization of its laborers which is so early apparent to Marlow seems to be unknown to other members of the Companys management. In this story Marlows aunt represents capitalism. Her efforts to get him a job are significant because of the morally compromising nature of the work of which she seems totally ignorant. When Marlow expresses doubts about the nature of the work, she replies, You forget, dear Charlie, that the labourer is worthy of his hire (12). It is clear that Marlow has mixed feelings about the whole idea. At one point, trying to justify his actions to himself, he says, You understand it was a continental concern, that Trading Society; but I have a lot of relations on the living continent, because its cheap and not so nasty as it looks they say (12). Marlow finally takes the job, however, and tells himself that the pain and unusually harsh treatment the workers are subjected to is minimal. During the tests and the requirements that he has to undergo before entering the jungle Marlow feels that he is being treated like a freak. The doctor measures his head and asks him questions such as, Ever any madness in your family (15). In this part of the story Marlow is made to feel small and unimportant. Any feelings or concerns that he has are not important to the company, and as a result, he feels alone. It is only logical that Marlow would have been econd guessing his decision and feeling some kinship with the other (black) workers who are exploited, but he does not reveal any such understanding. Upon reaching his destination in Africa, Marlow finds that things are just the same. At the point when he is denied rest after traveling twenty miles on foot he sees things are not going to change. Marlow then tells of how disease and death are running wild through out the area, and the company does nothing in the way of prevention other than to promote those who stay alive. Marlows theory on why the manager was in that position was that †¦he was never ill (25). This is a ad situation for Marlow because he sees his boss as a simple man with little else to offer the company other than to be a mindless foreman over the operation. This is an example of the company stripping self worth from its workers in the sense that it does not encourage or expect input from them. This is all significant because Marlow finds himself in a position where he is giving up a big piece of himself and his beliefs to make money. The tension between capitalism and moral enlightenment in the first twenty pages of this story is evident. Conrad uses Marlow to depict a seemingly good-hearted person caught in the middle of the common ilemma of moral ethics and desire for monetary success. Marlow knows that there is a great deal of repugnance in what he is doing, yet he finds himself forced to deal with it in his own personal way, which is justify it or ignore it. It is clear that the company also is forced to deal with this same issue, but it does it simply by pretending that it is not dehumanizing its entire work force. This blindness allows the Company to profit and prosper, but only at the expense of the lives of the workers in the jungle who have no way to protest or escape and the white collar workers like Marlow who have to live with their hypocrisy.

Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques free essay sample

Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing. Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes. Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong. Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything. There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows how big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once. Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles.

Lovely People do Stupid things essays

Lovely People do Stupid things essays How is love to influence our lives? Love-struck people do crazy things to express how they care for that particular person yet it is a long and windy road to these actions. It is down this path that experience spawns and trouble and happiness are felt. Janie Crawford of Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, shows the road through the steps of her three relationships. These relationships, though not fulfilling ones, conclude in bettering Janies search and understanding of life. Johnny Taylor, Janies first kiss and gatekeeper to her future, When Janie was sixteen, she embarked on a sexual awakening. Johnny Taylor was a poor young man who lived in the Florida area. Janie allowed him to kiss her over the fence. Unfortunately, Nanny saw everything. With Nannys horrendous background of sinful deeds done to her, she wanted the best for Janie. As she saw the kiss, the doors of life opened for Janie and Nanny wasnt going to have her make the same mistakes that she had. Yet, Nanny had been impregnated under the circumstances of being a slave and this was not the case for Janie. Nanny stated that black women were the mules of the world, but she didn't want Janie to be a mule. She wanted to see Janie in a secure situation before she died, and Logan Killicks could provide that. Janie did not want to marry Logan, but she did so because Nanny told her that she would eventually come to love him. Ironically, Logan wanted to force Janie into the servitude that Nanny feared. Also, he was disappointed that Janie never returned his affection and attraction. If he could not possess her through love, he would possess her by demanding her submission. At heart, his actions arose from the fear that Janie would leave him. Two months after her marriage to Logan, Janie visited Nanny to ask when she would start loving him. Nanny berated Janie for not appreciat ...

Economic Growth Rate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Growth Rate - Research Paper Example The budget impacts on the growth of the economy and allocation or redistribution of resources. The difference between budgetary spending and revenues is defined as the budget deficit. Budget deficit contribute in the level of national debt. A variety of problems can result because of budget deficit. Lower national savings rate, higher rates of interest and inflation are some of them. The federal budget is taking an unsustainable path. The debt levels of the federal are expected to grow with the size of the economy. The elevated budget deficit is the cause of increase in federal debt. This will shed its effects on economic downturn. The excess expenditure is financed through borrowing. The federal government takes the policy of issuing securities. The households can make up their budget deficits through loans and credit cards. Some of the measures to curb down the budget deficit are cutting expenditures, levee taxes or a strategy that will involve both. Thesis Statement Can budget def icit affect the economic growth? Economists generally agree that high budget deficits today will reduce the growth rate of the economy in the future. Why? Economists are of the opinion that sustaining large deficits can reduce the rate of growth. If the aim is to attain future gains in the standard of living it is necessary to curb down the levels of consumption and take the requisite steps in order to increase the level of savings. The deficit in the federal budget along with the low rate in the savings will cause a gap between the total savings and the investment. Spreading the foreign ownership of assets and mounting payments of investment will result in capital inflows (Wallich, 2012, p.78). The same reason can be accounted for the deficits in trade to occur. The trade deficits will keep on piling up with the continuation of capital inflows. The rate of interest is supposed to take the steep rising path if the investors turn down from providing capital in this kind of situation prevails. The value of dollar is likely to be depreciated. The assets of United States will be cheaper relative to the foreign assets and the investment rates will get curtailed with high rates of interest. The price of the imports will rise and the exchange rate will have the tendency to get low. The country will have to increase its reliance on foreign capital (Sanchez, 2010, p.523). The future generation will not be able to match with the expectations of the services from the government. The advancement in technology will get hampered and the standard of living of the country will feel the heat. Do the reasons for the high budget deficit matter? In other words, does it matter whether the deficit is caused by lower taxes, increased defense spending, more job-training programs, and so on? If the deficit is caused by poor governance then it is a matter of concern and calls for immediate appropriate steps. But if the deficits are caused by something that is believed to be productive for the future, then such deficits can be withheld for a certain point. If the deficit is caused by lower taxes, then people will have more disposable income and that might not be beneficial for the economy as a whole. But if the deficit is caused by increasing cost in defense services or increased spending in the job training programs, it is

Homework Assignment Number Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework Assignment Number Two - Essay Example hn) is arrested and arraigned after a thorough investigationsculminating to seizing the flash drive from the library, the existence of an elaborate investigation leading to discoveries of evidence points to a legally conducted investigations, arrest, and preference of charges which points to due process. The exclusion rule here therefore, will concern itself with how the evidence was acquired rather than its prove for commission of crime. An illegal action by police to gain incriminating evidence is inadmissible as evidenced by Oaks (6). In the second situation, the police stop the suspect (John) for speeding, then they go ahead to seize the flash drive. Here, the evidence should be suppressed because the search is obviously illegalas it is circumstantial to the speed ticket. The evidence in the flash drive and the charges thereof would be excluded because the acquisition of it is illegal.Evidence collected in violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for prosecution in a court of law. This in effect protects citizens from illegal searches and seizures.In conclusion therefore,the exclusionary rule is addressing itself to a mischief where law enforcers would carry unreasonable searches arbitrarily in breach of laid down rules and procedures governing such

Importance of Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science

Importance of Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science Computer science is the study of problems, problem solving and the solutions that come out of the problem solving process, B. Miller and D. Ranum (2013). A computer scientist goal is to develop an algorithm, a step by step list of instructions in solving a problem. Algorithms are finite processes that if followed will solve the problem Discrete mathematics is concerned with structures which take on a discrete value often infinite in nature. Just as the real-number system plays a crucial role in continuous mathematics, integers are the cornerstone in discrete mathematics. Discrete mathematics provides excellent modelling tools for analysing real-world phenomena that varies in one state or another and is a vital tool used in a wide range of applications, from computers to telephone call routing and from personnel assignments to genetics, E.R. Scheinerman (2000) cited in W. J. Rapaport 2013). The difference between discrete mathematics and other disciplines is the basic foundation on proof as its modus operandi for determining truth, whereas science for example, relies on carefully analysed experience. According to J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, (2000), a proof is any reasoned argument accepted as such by other mathematicians. Discrete mathematics is the background behind many computer operations (A. Purkiss 2014, slide 2) and is therefore essential in computer science. According to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000), discrete mathematics is an essential part of the educational curriculum (Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, p. 31). K. H Rosen (2012) cites several important reasons for studying discrete mathematics including the ability to comprehend mathematical arguments. In addition he argues discrete mathematics is the gateway to advanced courses in mathematical sciences. This essay will discuss the importance of discrete mathematics in computer science. Furthermore, it will attempt to provide an understanding of important related mathematical concepts and demonstrate with evidence based research why these concepts are essential in computer science. The essay will be divided into sections. Section one will define and discuss the importance of discrete mathematics. The second section will focus on and discuss discrete structures and relationships with objects. The set theory would be used as an example and will give a brief understanding of the concept. The third section will highlight the importance of mathematical reasoning. Finally, the essay will conclude with an overview of why discrete mathematics is essential in computer science. Discrete Mathematics According to K. H. Rosen, (2012) discrete mathematics has more than one purpose but more importantly it equips computer science students with logical and mathematical skills. Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematics that underpins computer science, with a focus on discrete structures, for example, graphs, trees and networks, K H Rosen (2012). It is a contemporary field of mathematics widely used in business and industry. Often referred to as the mathematics of computers, or the mathematics used to optimize finite systems (Core-Plus Mathematics Project 2014). It is an important part of the high school mathematics curriculum. Discreet mathematics is a branch of mathematics dealing with objects that can assume only distinct separated values (mathworld wolfram.com). Discrete mathematics is used in contrast with continuous mathematics, a branch of mathematics dealing with objects that can vary smoothly including calculus (mathworld wolfram.com). Discrete mathematics includes graph theory, theory of computation, congruences and recurrence relations to name but a few of its associated topics (mathworld wolfram.com). Discrete mathematics deals with discrete objects which are separated from each other. Examples of discrete objects include integers, and rational numbers. A discrete object has known and definable boundaries which allows the beginning and the end to be easily identified. Other examples of discrete objects include buildings, lakes, cars and people. For many objects, their boundaries can be represented and modelled as either continuous or discrete, (Discrete and Continuous Data, 2008). A major reason discrete mathematics is essential for the computer scientist, is, it allows handling of infinity or large quantity and indefiniteness and the results from formal approaches are reusable. Discrete Structures To understand discrete mathematics a student must have a firm understanding of how to work with discrete structures. These discrete structures are abstract mathematical structures used to represent discrete objects and relationships between these objects. The discrete objects include sets, relations, permutations and graphs. Many important discrete structures are built using sets which are collections of objects K H Rosen (2012). Sets As stated by Cantor (1895: 282) cited in J. L. Bell (1998) a set is a collection of definite, well- differentiated objects. K. H Rosen (2012) states discrete structures are built using sets, which are collections of objects used extensively in counting problems; relations, sets of ordered pairs that represent relationships between objects, graphs, sets of vertices and edges that connect vertices and edges that connect vertices; and finite state machines, used to model computing machines. Sets are used to group objects together and often have similar properties. For example, all employees working for the same organisation make up a set. Furthermore those employees who work in the accounts department form a set that can be obtained by taking the elements common to the first two collections. A set is an unordered collection of objects, called elements or members of the set. A set is said to contain its elements. To denote that a is an element of the set A, we write a â‚ ¬ A. For example the set O of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by O = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Another example is, {x |1 ≠¤ x ≠¤ 2 and x is a real number.} represents the set of real numbers between 1 and 2 and {x | x is the square of an integer and x ≠¤ 100} represents the set {0. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}, (www.cs.odu.edu). Mathematical Reasoning Logic is the science for reasoning, Copi, (1971) and a collection of rules used in carrying out logical reasoning. The foundation for logic was laid down by the British mathematician George Boole. Logic is the basis of all mathematical reasoning and of all automated reasoning. It has practical applications to the design of computing machines, to the specification of systems, to artificial intelligence, to computer programming, to programming languages and to other areas of computer science, K H Rosen, (2012 page 1). Mathematical logic, starts with developing an abstract model of the process of reasoning in mathematics, D. W. Kucker page 1. Following the development of an abstract model a study of the model to determine some of its properties is necessary. The aim of logic in computer science is to develop languages to model the situations we encounter as computer science professionals, in such a way that we can reason about them formally. Reasoning about situations means constructing arguments about them; we want to do this formally, so that the arguments are valid and can be defended rigorously, or executed on a machine. In understanding mathematics we must understand what makes a correct mathematical argument, that is, a proof. As stated by C. Rota (1997) a proof is a sequence of steps which leads to the desired conclusion Proofs are used to verify that computer programs produce the correct result, to establish the security of a system and to create artificial intelligence. Logic is interested in true or false statements and how the truth or falsehood of a statement can be determined from other statements (www.cs.odu.edu). Logic is represented by symbols to represent arbitrary statements. For example the following statements are propositions â€Å"grass is green† and â€Å"2 + 2 = 5†. The first proposition has a truth value of â€Å"true† and the second â€Å"false†. According to S. Waner and S. R Constenoble (1996) a proposition is any declarative sentence which is either true or false. Many in the computing community have expressed the view that logic is an essential topic in the field of computer science (e.g., Galton, 1992; Gibbs Tucker, 1986; Sperschneider Antoniou, 1991). There has also been concern that the introduction of logic to computer science students has been and is being neglected (e.g., Dijkstra, 1989; Gries, 1990). In their article â€Å"A review of several programs for the teaching of logic†, Goldson, Reeves and Bornat (1993) stated: There has been an explosion of interest in the use of logic in computer science in recent years. This is in part due to theoretical developments within academic computer science and in part due to the recent popularity of Formal Methods amongst software engineers. There is now a widespread and growing recognition that formal techniques are central to the subject and that a good grasp of them is essential for a practising computer scientist. (p. 373). In his paper â€Å"The central role of mathematical logic in computer science†, Myers (1990) provided an extensive list of topics that demonstrate the importance of logic to many core areas in computer science and despite the fact that many of the topics in Myers list are more advanced than would be covered in a typical undergraduate program, the full list of topics covers much of the breadth and depth of the curriculum guidelines for computer science, Tucker (1990). The model program report (IEEE, 1983) described discrete mathematics as a subject area of mathematics that is crucial to computer science and engineering. The discrete mathematics course was to be a pre or co requisite of all 13 core subject areas except Fundamentals of Computing which had no pre requisites. However in Shaw’s (1985) opinion the IEEE program was strong mathematically but disappointing due to a heavy bias toward hardware and its failure to expose basic connections between hardware and software. In more recent years a task force had been set up to deve lop computer science curricula with the creation of a document known as the Denning Report, (Denning, 1989). The report became instrumental in developing computer science curriculum. In a discussion of the vital role of mathematics in the computing curriculum, the committee stated, mathematical maturity, as commonly attained through logically rigorous mathematics courses is essential to successful mastery of several fundamental topics in computing, (Tucker, 1990, p.27). It is generally agreed that students in undergraduate computer science programs should have a strong basis in mathematics and attempts to recommend which mathematics courses should be required, the number of mathematics courses and when the courses should be taken have been the source of much controversy (Berztiss, 1987; Dijkstra, 1989; Gries, 1990; Ralston and Shaw, 1980; Saiedian 1992). A central theme in the controversy within the computer science community has been the course discrete mathematics. In 1989, the Mathematical Association of America published a report about discrete mathematics at the undergraduate level (Ralston, 1989). The report made some recommendations including offering discrete mathematics courses with greater emphasis on problem solving and symbolic reasoning (Ralston, 1989; Myers, 1990). Conclusion The paper discussed the importance of discrete mathematics in computer science and its significance as a skill for the aspiring computer scientist. In addition some examples of this were highlighted including its usefulness in modelling tools to analyse real world events. This includes its wide range of applications such as computers, telephones, and other scientific phenomena. The next section looked at discrete structures as a concept of abstract mathematical structures and the development of set theory a sub topic within discrete mathematics. The essay concluded with a literature review of evidence based research in mathematical reasoning where various views and opinions of researchers, academics and other stakeholders were discussed and explored. The review makes clear of the overwhelming significance and evidence stacked in favour for students of computer science courses embarking on discrete mathematics. Overall, it is generally clear that pursuit of a computer science course w ould most definitely need the associated attributes in logical thinking skills, problem solving skills and a thorough understanding of the concepts. In addition the review included views of an increased interest in the use of logic in computer science in recent years. Furthermore formal techniques have been acknowledged and attributed as central to the subject of discrete mathematics in recent years. References A. Purkiss 2014, Lecture 1: Course Introduction and Numerical Representation, Birkbeck University. B. Miller and D. Ranum 2013. Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures: accessed on [18.01.15] Berztiss, A. (1987). A mathematically focused curriculum for computer science. Communications of the ACM, 30 (5), 356–365. Copi, I. M. (1979). Symbolic Logic (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan Core-Plus Mathematics Project 2014: Discrete Mathematics available at http://www.wmich.edu/cpmp/parentresource/discrete.html [accessed on 25.01.14] 6. D W Kucker Notes on Mathematical Logic; University of Maryland, College Park. Available at http://www.math.umd.edu/~dkueker/712.pdf Accessed on [24.01.15] Denning, P. J. (chair). (1989). Computing as a discipline. Communications of the ACM, 32 (1), 9–23. Dijkstra, E. W. (1989). On the cruelty of really teaching computing science. Communications of the ACM, 32 (12), 1398–1404. Discrete and Continuous Data, (2008). Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. Available at http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/index.cfm?TopicName=Discrete%20and%20continuous%20data [accessed on 18.01.15]. Discrete Structures (2010) available at http://www.cs.odu.edu/~toida/nerzic/content/schedule/schedule.html#day3 [accessed on 25.01.15] Edward R. Scheinerman (2000), Mathematics, A Discrete Introduction (Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA, 2000): xvii–xviii. Cited in W. J. Rapaport (2013). Discrete Structures. What is Discrete Maths? available from http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/191/whatisdiscmath.html-20130629 accessed on [25.01.2015] Galton, A. (1992). Logic as a Formal Method. The Computer Journal 35 (5), 431–440 Gibbs, N. E., Tucker, A. B. (1986). A model curriculum for a liberal arts degree in computer science. Communications of the ACM 29 (3), 202–210 Goldson, D., Reeves, S., Bornat, R. (1993). A review of several programs for the teaching of logic. The Computer Journal, 36 (4), 373–386. Gries, D. (1990). Calculation and discrimination: A more effective curriculum. Communications of the ACM. 34 (3). 44–55. 16. http://www.cs.odu.edu/~toida/nerzic/content/intro2discrete/intro2discrete.html : Introduction to Discrete Structures What’s and Whys IEEE Model Program Committee. (1983). The 1983 IEEE Computer Society Model Program in Computer Science and Engineering. IEEE Computer Society. Educational Activities Board J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, Language, Proof and Logic, Seven Bridges Press, New York, 2000, ISBN 1-889119-08-3. J. L. Bell Oppositions and Paradoxes in Mathematics and Philosophy available at http://publish.uwo.ca/~jbell/Oppositions%20and%20Paradoxes%20in%20Mathematics2.pdf accessed on [25.01.2015] 20. K. H Rosen 2012 Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, 7edn, Monmouth University. Myers, Jr. J. P. (1990). The Central role of mathematical logic in computer science. SIGCSE Bulletin, 22 (1), 22–26. Ralston, A. (Ed.) (1989). Discrete Mathematics in the First Two Years. MAA Notes No. 15. The Mathematical Association of America. Ralston, A., Shaw, M. (1980). Curriculum 78 Is computer science really that unmathematical? Communications of the ACM, 23 (2), 67–70. Rota, G.-C. (1997). The phenomenology of mathematical proof. Syntheses, 111:183-196. S. Waner S. R. Costenoble (1996) Introduction to Logic. Saiedian, H. (1992). Mathematics of computing. Computer Science Education, 3 (3), 203-221. Shaw, M. (Ed.) (1985). The Carnegie-Mellon Curriculum for Undergraduate Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag Sperschneider, V., Antoniou, G. (1991). Logic: A foundation for computer science International Computer Science Series. Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics. Tucker, A. B. (Ed.) (1990). Computing Curricula 1991: Report of the ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force Final Draft, December 17. ACM Order Number 201910. IEEE Computer Society Press Order Number 2220

Rite of Encounter :: encounter

Rite of Encounter Rite of Encounter is, initially a very dry and imposing story. The reader is given same information repeatedly, as if it were not received the first time. This redundancy is an insult to the reader. For instance, in the very first line of the story the narrator tells the reader that, "In the third week of his fasting, Singing- Owl found the white man" (258). This information is given quite clearly, yet later the narrator repeats himself by saying, "A dog meant white men" (259). It is not necessary for the narrator to remind the reader. This "spoon-feeding" is insulting to the reader. The narration was also rather dry. There is little description. The story is conveyed to the reader without any details, and quite plainly, the story is simply reported. The omniscient third person narration is also, at times, confusing. The narration occasionally dips from third person to first without any explanation. For example, when Singing- Owl is suffering of dehydration, fatigue, and hunger the n arrator is reporting the condition of the character. Suddenly, the next line reads, "Water. Must get water" (258). It is unclear who says this. Not suprisingly, Bates, employs this strange tactic again to demonstrate Singing- Owl's exhaustion. The narrator comments on Singing- Owl's declining condition, then says, "Perhaps I'm tired. All right. I am tired" (261). Again, the reader is left unassured of who is speaking. This intentional alteration of narration only robs the story of unity. There is, however, one manipulation of the characters which is interesting. Smallpox is characterized beautifully. Giving life to a disease gives life to a story, which, from the beginning, is dragging on without such animation. Smallpox mocks our "hero", Singing- Owl. This tormenting by a naturally inanimate character saturates the story with fantasy and mysticism. The conclusion of the story, unfortunately, leaves the reader with the same sense of disappointment with which it was started. Singing- Owl, rather than becoming a hero, becomes a marionette for Smallpox to control. Singing- Owl breaks down and agrees to bring Smallpox back to the tribe. Even though Singing- Owl does not completely understand the methods of Smallpox, he does understand the negative repercussions. Yet, Singing- Owl grants Smallpox's wish. This event is disappointing to the reader and degrades the main character. Singing- Owl gains some redemption by trying to infect his enemies, but is not effective and is going to die a dishonored man.

Encounters with crocodiles Essay

I found the crocodiles so intresting that i soon got over my loathing for them and yet with possible exception of as they run the hyenas they must be the meanest creatures in the AFRICAN scene.They will never openly attack,and they will not defend their own eggs ; directly you attempt to land ,into the water they go.It was unwise however to stand to close to the river bank especially at dusk the crocodile lunge out at you with his paws ;instead,having observed you carefully from midstream ,hen swim submeged into the shallows ,and with a sudden like moment of his tail he sweeps you into the water.One of the African boys in the park had been taken like this a few days before we arrived ,and it was no rare thing ,we were told ,for baby elephants to meet their end in just this way when they came down to the river to drink. then the mother elephants goes ranging along the bank quite powerless to retaliate.The crocodiles itself shas mortal enemies ,and not many of the sixty or seventy eggs which female lays,like turtle ,in a hole in a sand bank are destined to survive .Having laid her eggs (they are rather like large white goose -eggs),the mother covers up the hole and then sometimes departs. This is the moment for the moniter lizard to creep out of the undergrowth to scrape the sand away and then to gorge himself .Even if the nest remains undiscovered the young crcodiles need a gold deal of luck to survive. They come struggling to the surface of the sand little ten_inch_long rubbery thing ,and make directly for the water , hissing and snapping as they run .On the bank the marabaou stork with the speed of sword_play flicks them into his long bill ; and if you care to watch you can see the wriggling passage of the young crocodile down the bird scraggy throat.Sometimes the mother crocodile will try to defend her young at this perilous moment ,and this is a facinating thing to see.The marabou, with elaborate unconcern stand in about six inches of water waiting for the next tit bit to come swimming by,and from about twenty yards away the mother crocodile watches :just two murderous eyes above the surface of the stream .Then silently she submerges and come up again about ten y ards from marabou .The bird takes no notice .And now ,having again goes down .This time she is coming in for the kill .it is a matter of about two seconds the marabou abstractely and casually takes a backward step . At the same instant the tremendous jaws of the crocodiles come rearing out of the river and snap together in the empty air at the prcise spot where he was standing .green water streaming off her back ,the crocodiles subsides into river again;and the bird steps back to res ume its meal QUESTIONS/ANSWERS: Q1:what enabled the writer to get over his loathing for the crcodiles? Q2:what do crcodiles do when a person attempts to land on the river bank ? Q3:what method does the crocodiles use to capture ots prey?

Who Invented the Green Garbage Bag Harry Wasylyk

The familiar green plastic garbage bag (made from polyethylene) was invented by Harry Wasylyk in 1950. Canadian Inventors Harry Wasylyk Larry Hansen Harry Wasylyk was a Canadian inventor from Winnipeg, Manitoba, who together with Larry Hansen of Lindsay, Ontario, invented the disposable green polyethylene garbage bag. Garbage bags were first intended for commercial use rather than home use, and the new garbage bags were first sold to the Winnipeg General Hospital. Coincidentally, another Canadian inventor, Frank Plomp of Toronto also invented a plastic garbage bag in 1950, however, he was not as successful as Wasylyk and Hansen were. First Home Use - Glad Garbage Bags Larry Hansen worked for the Union Carbide Company in Lindsay, Ontario, and the company bought the invention from Wasylyk and Hansen. Union Carbide manufactured the first green garbage bags under the name Glad Garbage bags for home use in the late 1960s. How Garbage Bags are Made Garbage bags are made from low-density polyethylene, which was invented in 1942. Low-density polyethylene is soft, stretchy, and water and air proof. Polyethylene is delivered in the form of small resin pellets or beads. By a process called extrusion, the hard beads are converted into bags of plastic. The hard polyethylene beads are heated to a temperature of 200 degrees centigrade. The molten polyethylene is put under high pressure and mixed with agents that provide color and make the plastic pliable. The prepared plastic polyethylene is blown into one long tube of bagging, which is then cooled, collapsed, cut to the right individual length, and sealed on one end to make a garbage bag. Biodegradable Garbage Bags Since their invention, plastic garbage bags have been filling our landfills and unfortunately, most plastics take up to one thousand years to decompose. In 1971, University of Toronto chemist Doctor James Guillet invented a plastic that decomposed in a reasonable time when left in direct sunlight. James Guillet patented his invention, which turned out to be the millionth Canadian patent to be issued.